Lapho bekhetha umakhalekhukhwini, abantu abaningi baziqondisa eduze kokusebenza, ukubonisa futhi mhlawumbe nomthamo wokugcina ngokuya ngemishini yezithombe. Ama-smartphones anamuhla avame ukuba nawo ezingeni eliphezulu ngempela, futhi lokho angakwazi ukukunikeza ngokwamapharamitha angokwenyama, ngokuvamile akwenza nge-software.
Namuhla sizozama ukuphendula imibuzo enjengokuthi: Ingabe inani lama-megapixels kuma-smartphones linendaba noma usenza kanjani isinqumo esinolwazi lapho uthenga i-smartphone ngokwamakhono okuthatha izithombe?
Ingabe ama-megapixel anendaba?
Kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi befoni babheja ngaleli nani ngokumaketha. Kodwa-ke, ingabe inani lama-megapixel ukuphela kwenkomba esingahlulela ngayo amakhono ekhamera ezithombeni zethu?
Igalari yezithombe
Impendulo ithi cha, inani lama-megapixel akuyona into kuphela okufanele icatshangelwe lapho uthenga ifoni. Nakuba kubalulekile ngempela, ezinye izici nezingxenye ezakha ikhamera nazo zithinta ikhwalithi yezithombe eziwumphumela. Ekugcineni, kuza ekusebenzisaneni kwehadiwe, isoftware, kanye nalokho okuncamelayo komuntu siqu.
Imbobo
Uma sikhuluma ngezithombe, ubuningi obubaluleke kakhulu ukukhanya. Amakhamera ochwepheshe asebenzisa ngokuyinhloko i-aperture, engusayizi wokuvuleka kwelensi, ukuze alawule inani lokukhanya akutholayo, nakuba isikhathi sokuchayeka noma izilungiselelo ze-ISO nazo zithinta inani lokukhanya elingenayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-smartphones amaningi awanakho ukunethezeka kwembobo elungisekayo, nakuba kukhona okuhlukile. AbakwaSamsung, ngokwesibonelo, bakhiphe izingcingo ezimbalwa ze-flagship ezine-aperture eguquguqukayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kanti uHuawei njengamanje unemodeli ye-Mate 50 nayo efakwe lokhu. Kodwa-ke, ezikhathini eziningi, abakhiqizi abafuni ukulahlekelwa isikhala esiningi sedivayisi noma ukuchitha ngokweqile ukufaka isikrini kumafoni abo. Imiphumela yokubona ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwembobo ingatholwa ngempumelelo ngesoftware. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele singayinaki ngokuphelele le parameter. Ngokuvamile, uma isimbobo sikhulu, inzwa yekhamera izokwazi ukusebenza ngokukhanya okwengeziwe, okuyinto efiselekayo. Imbobo ilinganiswa ngezinombolo zika-f, ngenombolo encane elingana nendawo enkulu yokuvula.
Ubude bokugxila kanye nelensi
Esinye isici esibalulekile ubude bokugxila. Ukuze ukuqonde, kungcono ukubheka futhi ikhambi lekhamera yendabuko. Lapha, ukukhanya kudlula ilensi, lapho kugxilwe khona endaweni ethile bese kubanjwa inzwa. Ubude bokugxila, obukalwa ngamamilimitha, ngakho-ke ibanga phakathi kwenzwa nendawo lapho ukukhanya kuhlangana khona. Lapho iphansi, i-engeli yokubuka iba banzi, futhi ngokuphambene, ukuphakama kobude bokugxila, kuyancipha i-engeli yokubuka.
Ubude bokugxila bekhamera ye-smartphone cishe bungu-4 mm, kodwa le nombolo ayisho lutho ngokubuka kwesithombe. Kunalokho, lesi sibalo sinikezwa ngokulingana okungu-35mm, okuyilokho okungadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe i-engeli efanayo yokubuka kukhamera enohlaka olugcwele.
Igalari yezithombe
Inombolo ephezulu noma ephansi ayiyona engcono noma imbi kakhulu, kodwa ama-smartphone amaningi namuhla anekhamera okungenani ene-engeli ebanzi enobude bokugxila obufushane ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzisi bafuna ukuthwebula indawo ebanzi ngangokunokwenzeka ezithombeni zabo. Futhi uzosijabulela lesi sici uma u-vlogging, isibonelo. Ngelensi ye-engeli ebanzi, uzothwebula isikhala esengeziwe futhi ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ujwayele ukufinyelela izisetshenziswa ezifana nezinti zesithombe ozishuthe sona, izibambi ezihlukahlukene, nokunye okunjalo.
Ilensi ibaluleke kakhulu kubude bokugxila bekhamera. Iqukethe izakhi eziningana kanye nelensi evikelayo, kuyilapho umsebenzi wayo ukugoba nokugxilisa ukukhanya kunzwa yesithombe.
Kunenkinga lapha ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanya kwe-spectrum yemibala ehlukene kugoba ngezindlela ezihlukene ngoba kunobude obuhlukile beza. Umphumela walokhu izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlanekezela kanye nokuphambuka, lapho abakhiqizi be-smartphone babhekana nazo zombili izingxenye zedivayisi uqobo kanye nesoftware. Awekho amalensi angenasici, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso eliphindwe kabili kumadivayisi eselula, njengoba sisebenza ngobukhulu obuncane kakhulu lapha. Noma kunjalo, amanye amalensi omakhalekhukhwini asebenza ngendlela encomekayo.
Ungaba nentshisekelo ku
I-physics yokuhlanekezela nokucabanga iyinkimbinkimbi impela, okungenzeka ukuthi kungani abakhiqizi abaningi bezingcingo bengathandi ukushicilela. informace mayelana namalensi ayo kanye neminye imininingwane. Uma unenketho, kuhle kakhulu kulokhu ukuhlola amakhono ekhamera kuqala bese unquma ukuthi okukhiphayo okunikeziwe kukufanele yini.
Inzwa
Inzwa iwucezu olubaluleke kakhulu lwehadiwe yekhamera eguqula idatha ye-optical eluhlaza ibe idatha kagesi informace. Ingaphezulu layo limbozwe izigidi zama-photocell asebenza ngokususelwe kubukhulu bokukhanya okutholiwe.
Uma amaseli ngamanye emakhulu, kuba ngcono athwebula ukukhanya futhi akwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha amanani athembekile, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi. Ngamagama alula, kungashiwo ukuthi inzwa enkulu iyisinqumo esingcono ezikhathini eziningi, nakuba ezinye izici njengokuthi mangaki amaphikseli inzwa equkethe noma ubukhulu bephikseli ngayinye nazo zidlala indima.
Imibala
Ukunikezwa kombala okuyiqiniso kubalulekile kuwo wonke umthwebuli wezithombe. Izihlungi zombala zisetshenziselwa ukuzithola, ngokuvamile ezibomvu, eziluhlaza okotshani noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iphrosesa yesithombe esebenzisa le mibala emananini okukhanya ozimele wesithombe ngasinye enawo informace mayelana nelungiselelo labo, elimsebenzelayo ukudala isithombe esiwumphumela. Amafoni amaningi asebenzisa okokuhlunga kombala we-Bayer, okuhlanganisa u-50% oluhlaza, u-25% obomvu no-25% oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (RGGB), isizathu sokugqama kokuluhlaza ukuthi iso lomuntu libona lo mbala kangcono kuneminye.
Abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene baye bazama nezinye izinhlobo zezihlungi noma bazama ukuzilungisa, okukhathazayo, isibonelo, inkampani iHuawei, eyashintsha isihlungi seBayer sendabuko ngokuluhlaza nokuphuzi ukuze kwandiswe ukuzwela, okuletha imiphumela ngempela, kodwa ezinye izithombe ungabona i-tinge encane ephuzi engeyona eyemvelo. Izinzwa ezinesihlungi se-RGGB ngokuvamile ziba nemiphumela engcono yezithombe ngenxa yokuthi ama-algorithms eziwasebenzisayo kade akhona futhi ngenxa yalokho asekhulile kakhulu.
Iphrosesa yesithombe
Ingxenye yokugcina ebalulekile yemishini yezithombe ye-smartphone iphrosesa yezithombe. Lesi sakamuva, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, sinakekela ukucubungula ulwazi olutholakala kunzwa kusetshenziswa ilensi. Abakhiqizi abahlukene basebenzisa izixazululo ezihlukene nezindlela kule ndlela, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi isithombe esifanayo se-RAW sizobukeka sihlukile kufoni ye-Samsung, Huawei, Pixel noma i-iPhone, futhi ayikho indlela engcono kunenye. Abanye abantu bancamela ukwelashwa kwe-Pixel's HDR kunokubukeka ngendlela elandelanayo nengokwemvelo ekunika yona iPhone.
Igalari yezithombe
Manje kuthiwani ngama-megapixels?
Ingabe zibaluleke kangako? Yebo. Uma sithatha izithombe, silindele ukuthwebula izinga elithile lobuqiniso. Inhloso yobuciko eceleni, iningi lethu lifuna izithombe zethu zisondelane neqiniso ngangokunokwenzeka, eliphulwa ngokusobala nge-pixelation ebonakalayo. Ukuze sifinyelele inkohliso oyifunayo yeqiniso, kufanele sisondele ekuxazululeni iso lomuntu. Lokho cishe amaphikseli angu-720 iyintshi ngayinye kumuntu obona kahle ngokuphelele futhi ongavinjelwe lapho ebhekwa ebangeni elingama-30 cm. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uma ufuna ukuphrinta izithombe ngefomethi evamile engu-6 × 4, udinga ukulungiswa okungu-4 × 320, noma okungaphansi kuka-2 Mpx.
Ungaba nentshisekelo ku
Kepha lokho kuphakamisa umbuzo: Uma i-12 Mpx iseduze nomkhawulo walokho umuntu ojwayelekile angakubona, kungani abakwaSamsung Galaxy I-S23 Ultra 200 Mpx? Kunezizathu ezimbalwa, kodwa esinye sezibaluleke kakhulu indlela ebizwa nge-pixel binning, lapho kusetshenziswa isikwele kwezine esikhundleni se-photocell eyodwa ukuze kuqoqwe ulwazi, kuphindaphindeke usayizi wayo ngempumelelo ngezindleko zomphumela wokulungiswa kwesithombe. Vele, kungenzeka ukwenza ama-photocells amakhudlwana, kodwa ukuhlanganisa amancane ndawonye kunikeza izinzuzo izinzwa ezinkulu ezingakwazi ukuzifanisa, njengezithombe ezingcono ze-HDR namandla okusondeza, okuphinde kube isici esibaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaningi.
Igalari yezithombe
Ngakho-ke ama-megapixel abalulekile ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje, kodwa futhi kufanelekile ukubheka enye idatha yobuchwepheshe yekhamera ye-smartphone yakho yesikhathi esizayo, njengemishini yelensi, inzwa noma iphrosesa. Namuhla, lapho, ngenxa yokudubula ngefomethi ye-RAW, singabona kancane ngaphansi kwe-hood yomlingo wesofthiwe yabakhiqizi, kungenzeka ukuthatha izithombe ngefoni ephathekayo ezingeni elihle ngempela.
