Njalo ngonyaka, i-European Commission ihlanganisa ndawonye iziphathimandla zezwe ze-EU ukuze zisebenzisane ekuhloleni ukuphepha komkhiqizo ngohlelo olubizwa nge-Coordinated Product Safety Actions (CASP). Izivivinyo zibe seziyenziwa ngaphansi kwemibandela eqinile kumalabhorethri e-EU agunyaziwe emikhiqizweni eminingi, ekhethwa minyaka yonke yiziphathimandla zokugada izimakethe ezibamba iqhaza ezivela emazweni angamalungu e-EU angama-27, kanye neNorway, i-Iceland ne-Liechtenstein.
Ngo-2020, i-CASP yahlola amasampula angama-686 avela ezigabeni eziyisikhombisa ezihlukene. Lokhu bekuhlanganisa amathoyizi ezingane, izinto zokudlala zasendlini zasekhaya, izidleke nezindawo zokulala, izintambo, izinto ezincane zasekhishini, ubucwebe kanye nokuba khona kwezinsimbi eziyingozi nezihlalo zemoto zezingane. Njengoba amasampula amaningi engazange ahlangabezane nezidingo, izincomo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezaziso zengozi nazo zakhishwa esigabeni ngasinye, esizofika kuzo kamuva.
Igalari yezithombe
Kugalari eseduze kwalesi sigaba, ungabona ingxenye yokuqala yokuhlola, lapho ukuphepha kwamasampula angu-507 ezigabeni ezingu-6 kwaqinisekiswa. Ama-nitrosamine avame kakhulu kumathoyizi, alandelwa yizinto ezincane zasekhishini, izintambo zikagesi, izinto zokudlala zangaphandle ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ekhaya, izidleke zezingane, izindlwana zezingane nezikhwama zokulala zezingane, nezihlalo zemoto zezingane. Kulesi sigaba, amaphesenti angama-30 kuphela amasampula ahlangabezana nezidingo. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi u-70% wemikhiqizo ube sengozini enkulu. Ngokuqondile, amasampula angama-34 awameleli ubungozi, 148 ubungozi obuphansi, 26 ubungozi obuphakathi, 47 ubungozi obukhulu, 30 ubungozi obukhulu kanye namasampula angama-70 awakatholwa. Izintambo zikagesi zibonakale ziphephe kakhulu, kanti amasampula angama-77% ahlangabezana nezidingo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amasampula amangalisayo angama-97% ezidleke zezingane, ama-cribs wezingane nezikhwama zokulala zezingane azizange zihlangabezane nezidingo.
Igalari yezithombe
Ucwaningo lube seluxwayisa ngokuthi abantu kufanele baqaphele ubungozi obungase bube khona. Ngakho-ke, akufanele nakanjani ushiye ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki lapho izingane zingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo, qaphela izingxenye ezincane zemikhiqizo, qaphela izinto zikagesi ezinokukhubazeka, hlola ukuthi amathoyizi afanele iminyaka yobudala bengane, qaphela ukushisa ngokweqile kwezinto zikagesi futhi ube. qaphela ukufakwa okunesici kwezihlalo zemoto. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuze unciphise ubungozi, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela izimpawu zokumaka futhi ulandele imiyalo, uthenge kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile (uma kungenzeka), uqondise izingane ngaso sonke isikhathi, uthenge imikhiqizo enophawu lwe-CE kuphela, ubike njalo ukuphepha. inkinga kumdayisi noma umenzi , ungaphathisi izingane imikhiqizo engahloselwe zona futhi uhlale uyisebenzisela injongo oyihloselwe yona.
Igalari yezithombe
Njengoba kuphinde kube nentshisekelo ekhulayo yokuthenga ku-inthanethi, njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwe-CASP Online 2020, ubucwebe babuye bahlolelwa ukuba khona kwezinsimbi eziyingozi. Ngokuyinhloko lezi yizinto ezinga-odwa ezibizwa nge-inthanethi. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe babheke amasampula angu-179, angu-71% awo ahloselwe abantu abadala, kanti ama-29% asele awabantwana. Kule mali, amasampula angama-63% ahlangabezana nezidingo kanti angama-37% awazange. I-CASP ixwayisa ngengozi yokungezwani komzimba kanye nethuba lokudla izinsimbi eziyingozi ngalezi zingcezu zobucwebe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uncoma ukuthi ungagqoki ubucwebe ngenkathi ulele futhi uhlale ubheka izingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi abafaki ubucwebe emlonyeni wabo.
Isincomo
Esigabeni ngasinye salezi zigaba zomkhiqizo, isethi yezincomo ithathwe ekuhlolweni okwenziwe. Ngakho-ke yini okufanele uyibheke futhi yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise izingozi?
Amathoyizi ezingane
Yini okufanele uyiqaphele?
- Funda njalo amalebula nezixwayiso. Ngokuvamile kunikezwa isiqondiso sokuthi izingane zingadlala ngokuphepha ngethoyizi iminyaka emingaki.
- Irabha yemvelo ingabangela ukungezwani okukhulu, ngakho-ke qaphela izexwayiso ze-latex.
- Lapho uthenga ku-inthanethi, qiniseka ukuthi unazo zonke ezifanele ezitholakalayo informace, ukuze ukwazi ukuwahlola ngaphambi kokuwathenga.
Yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise izingozi?
- Gada izingane ngaso sonke isikhathi! Umuntu omdala kufanele abe khona noma nini lapho izingane zidlala.
- Sebenzisa amaphampu omoya ukufutha amabhaluni. Ungabeki isibonelo esibi ngokufaka amabhaluni emlonyeni wakho.
- Lahla iphakethe ngokucophelela. Ungashiyi izingcezu zepulasitiki zilele.
- Funda izexwayiso ngaphambi kokunika izingane ukufinyelela kumathoyizi futhi ugcine wonke amalebula ukuze uwabhekise.
Imishini yokudlala yangaphandle yasekhaya
Yini okufanele uyiqaphele?
- Funda njalo amalebula nezixwayiso. Ngokuvamile kunikezwa isiqondiso sokuthi izingane zingadlala ngokuphepha ngethoyizi iminyaka emingaki.
- Irabha yemvelo ingabangela ukungezwani okukhulu, ngakho-ke qaphela izexwayiso ze-latex.
- Lapho uthenga ku-inthanethi, qiniseka ukuthi unazo zonke ezifanele ezitholakalayo informace, ukuze ukwazi ukuwahlola ngaphambi kokuwathenga.
Yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise izingozi?
- Gada izingane ngaso sonke isikhathi! Umuntu omdala kufanele abe khona noma nini lapho izingane zidlala.
- Sebenzisa amaphampu omoya ukufutha amabhaluni. Ungabeki isibonelo esibi ngokufaka amabhaluni emlonyeni wakho.
- Lahla iphakethe ngokucophelela. Ungashiyi izingcezu zepulasitiki zilele.
- Funda izexwayiso ngaphambi kokunika izingane ukufinyelela kumathoyizi futhi ugcine wonke amalebula ukuze uwabhekise.
Izidleke zezingane, abalala, izikhwama zokulala
Okufanele ukuqaphele lapho uthenga futhi usebenzisa izidleke zezingane, izindawo zokulala nezikhwama zokulala?
- Naka ngokukhethekile izixwayiso, izimpawu kanye nemiyalelo.
- Hlola izindinganiso ezisebenza kule mikhiqizo bese uhlola owakho ukuphepha. Isibonelo, izintambo zokudonsa akufanele zibe zinde kune-220 mm. Sebenzisa i-tape measure yakho kahle!
- Zama ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile uma kungenzeka, abasebenzi babo bazobe bekulungele kangcono ukukusiza.
Yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise izingozi?
- Gcina iso elibukhali emikhankasweni yokukhumbula. Uma ungumnikazi womkhiqizo obuyiselwe emuva, yeka ukuwusebenzisa ngokushesha bese ulandela imiyalelo yokukhumbula.
- Qaphela ngokupakishwa kwepulasitiki futhi ukugcine endaweni lapho izingane zingafinyeleleki khona.
- Funda ngokucophelela futhi ulandele imiyalelo yomhlangano eduze kwabalele ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi banamathele ngendlela efanele embhedeni. Uma ingane ishiywe inganakiwe, hlola ukuthi uhlangothi olugoqayo luphezulu yini nokuthi amasondo akhiyiwe yini.
- Hlala ugade izingane lapho zisesidlekeni futhi ugweme ukubeka izidleke embhedeni.
Amakhebula
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga izintambo?
- Qinisekisa ukuthi idatha yokuphepha inamathiselwe kumkhiqizo, kufanele ihlale iboniswa ngokucacile.
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ukupakishwa nokulebula emkhiqizweni wekhebula ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi yakhelwe lokho ohlose ukuyisebenzisela yona. Ingabe uzoyisebenzisa ngaphandle noma endlini? Qiniseka ukuthi uthenga uhlobo olulungile.
- Hlola ngokucophelela umkhiqizo ngokwawo. Yithenge kuphela uma ibonakala yenziwe kahle. Uma ingaphandle libukeka lisebenza kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi ingaphakathi likhona.
- Incazelo enemininingwane inamathiselwe kumkhiqizo informace ngomkhiqizi? Imininingwane mayelana nemvelaphi yomkhiqizo ihlale iqinisekisa.
- Zama ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile uma kungenzeka, abasebenzi babo bazobe bekulungele kangcono ukukusiza.
Yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise izingozi?
- Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizo uyakwazi ukuphatha amandla kagesi owuhlinzeka ngawo. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungabangela amapulasitiki azungezile ukuthi ancibilike futhi aveze izingxenye ezibukhoma.
- Le mikhiqizo ayiwona amathoyizi, sicela ugcine izingane kude nazo.
- Njalo landela imiyalelo. Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwale mikhiqizo kubalulekile.
Ama-heaters amancane ekhishi
Okufanele ukubheke lapho uthenga futhi usebenzisa izinto zikagesi zasekhishini ezincane:
- Hlola amaphakheji ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuphepha nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso futhi uzinakisise. Izinyathelo zokuphepha kufanele ziboniswe ngokucacile emkhiqizweni informace.
- Uma umkhiqizo ubukeka wonakele ngaphandle, cishe uzofana nangaphakathi. Futhi lokho ongakuboni, awukwazi ukuzivikela kukho.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizo uqukethe yini informace mayelana nomkhiqizi, kubalulekile ukuba nemininingwane yabo uma uhlangabezana nenkinga.
- Zama ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile uma kungenzeka, abasebenzi babo bazobe bekulungele kangcono ukukusiza.
Yini ongayenza ukuze uvimbele ingozi ngenxa yomkhiqizo ongahambisani nemithetho?
- Landela imiyalelo! Ngaso sonke isikhathi qiniseka ukuthi uyaziqonda, uzilandele ngendlela efanele futhi usebenzise izinto zikagesi ngokwenjongo yazo kuphela.
- Beka umshini endaweni lapho izingane ezincane zingakwazi ukufinyelela khona futhi kude nezinto ezivuthayo ezifana namakhethini.
- Qaphela ubungozi ngisho nakubantwana abadala - bathanda ukusiza ekhishini, kodwa lezi zinto zikagesi zingashisa!
Izinsimbi eziyingozi kubucwebe
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga ubucwebe?
- Omunye wemikhiqizo emithathu ehlolwe phakathi nalo msebenzi ubuqukethe noma ukhiphe amanani engeziwe ezinsimbi eziyingozi, ngakho qaphela ikakhulukazi lapho uthenga ubucwebe.
- Ngokuvumelana ne-Article 33 ye-REACH Regulation ((EC) 1907/2006), imibuzo yabathengi mayelana nokuba khona kwento ekhathazayo kakhulu kubucwebe kufanele iphendulwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-45. Sebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokwazi futhi uhlole kabili lokho okuthengayo.
Yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise izingozi?
- Buka izingane. Umthofu unokunambitheka okumnandi, okungase kubakhuthaze ukuba bafake ubucwebe emilonyeni yabo. Uma ingane igwinya ubucwebe, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Yeka ukugqoka ubucwebe uma kubangela ukungezwani komzimba. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, yeka ukugqoka ubucwebe ngokushesha futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.
- Ungagqoki ubucwebe lapho ulele. Ubucwebe obukhipha inani eliningi le-nickel futhi buhlangane isikhathi eside nesikhumba bungandisa izingozi zezempilo kubathengi. Ungakwazi ukugwinya ngephutha izingcezu ezincane zobucwebe ngenkathi ulele.
Izihlalo zemoto
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga isihlalo semoto yengane?
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ukupakishwa nokulebula. Qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda imiyalelo kanye nokulebula kwemikhiqizo nokuthi iphephile informace kuboniswe ngokucacile.
- Zijwayeze nemithethonqubo yokuphepha efanele. Izihlalo zohlobo luka-R129 kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile kunezihlalo zohlobo luka-R44. Lokhu kungase kube kubalulekile ukucabangela lapho uthenga.
- Zama ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile uma kungenzeka, abasebenzi babo bazobe bekulungele kangcono ukukusiza.
Yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise izingozi?
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela iziqondiso, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abazali noma abanakekeli banake imiyalelo yomhlangano futhi bayilandele ngokucophelela. Uma imiyalelo ingacacile, kungcono ubuyele kumkhiqizi, umthengisi noma isitolo esikhethekile lapho umkhiqizo wathengwa khona ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isihlalo sifakwe ngendlela efanele futhi izingane ziqeqeshwa kabusha ngendlela efanele.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi isihlalo siwusayizi ofanele wengane kanye nemoto okuzofakwa kuyo isihlalo.
- Hambisa izingane zakho ngendlela ebheke ngemuva isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka zize zifinyelele isisindo esiphezulu noma ubude obuvunyelwe emiyalweni. Ukuhamba kulesi sikhundla kungaba okuphephile ezinganeni ezincane njengoba isihlalo sithatha amandla omthelela amaningi futhi sivikela ikhanda, intamo nomgogodla.
Ingxoxo yesihloko
Ingxoxo ayivulwanga lesi sihloko.