Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, i-ransomware, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi nezinye izinsongo zobuchwepheshe nezingezona ezobuchwepheshe. Mhlawumbe la mazwi awaziwa kuwe. Kodwa kuhle ukwazi ukuthi zingasho ingozi kukhompyutha yakho, umakhalekhukhwini kanye namanye amadivaysi axhunywe kwi-Inthanethi. Abahlaseli bangafinyelela i-akhawunti yakho yasebhange ngamaqhinga nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene. Noma bangakhiya isikrini bekude noma babethele ngokuqondile konke okuqukethwe kukhompuyutha, iselula noma ithebulethi. Ukuxoxisana nabo kuwukuphazamiseka okukhulu, okungabiza kakhulu. Uchwepheshe wezokuphepha u-Jak Kopřiva wenkampani I-ALEF ZERO wabhala amaphuzu ayisisekelo angakusiza ukuthi uvikele idivayisi yakho kangcono.
Mayelana nombhali
U-Jan Kopřiva unomthwalo wemfanelo wethimba elinakekela ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kanye nokuqapha izigameko zokuphepha ezinkampanini ezinkulu. Usebenza enkampanini I-ALEF ZERO, ebilokhu ihlinzeka amakhasimende ayo kanye nozakwethu ngezixazululo ezibanzi zobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wamanethiwekhi ezinkampani, izikhungo zedatha, ukuphepha kwe-cyber, ukugcinwa kwedatha nokwenza isipele, kodwa futhi namafu omphakathi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-24. U-Jan Kopřiva uphinde aqeqeshe ochwepheshe bezinkampani eziningi mayelana nendlela yokusebenza ngokuphephile ngedatha futhi bayivikele ekuhlaselweni.
Naphezu kokuvimbela, kungenzeka ukuthi ikhompuyutha yakho izotheleleka ngegciwane. Ngakho ake ubheke hlola i-antivirus engcono kakhulu yekhompyutha yakho.
1) Qaphela ukuhlanzeka okuyisisekelo
Kuyafana nasemhlabeni wenyama. Ezingeni lokuqala, ukuvikeleka kuhlale kumayelana nendlela umsebenzisi aziphatha ngayo. Lapho umuntu engazigezi izandla zakhe futhi eya ezindaweni ezinobugebengu obukhulu ebumnyameni, ngokushesha noma kamuva kungenzeka ukuthi abanjwe inkunzi futhi angase angenwe isifo esingemnandi. Inhlanzeko kufanele futhi ibhekwe kunethiwekhi, lapho singayibiza ngokuthi inhlanzeko "ye-cyber". Lokhu kukodwa kungavikela umsebenzisi kakhulu. Izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zingaphezulu kwesengezo. Ngokuvamile, kuyatuseka ukuthi ungavakasheli amasayithi ayingozi (isb. amasayithi ane-software eyabiwe ngokungemthetho) futhi ungawavuli amafayela angaziwa ngamabomu.
2) Hlanganisa izinhlelo zakho
Umthombo ovame kakhulu wokuhlaselwa isiphequluli sewebhu nezinye izinhlelo ezixhumeke ku-inthanethi. Abahlaseli be-inthanethi abaningi bavamise ukusebenzisa ubungozi obaziwayo beziphequluli nezinhlelo ezithuthukile. Yingakho kubalulekile ukugcina isofthiwe kukhompuyutha yakho isesikhathini samanje. Ngale ndlela, izimbobo zibizwa ngokuthi zicishiwe futhi abahlaseli ngeke besakwazi ukuzisebenzisa. Uma umsebenzisi enesistimu enamathiselwe, uvikelekile ekuhlaselweni okuningi ngaphandle kokwenza enye into.
Kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile wasekhaya, uma isibuyekezo sesiphequluli, i-Acrobat Reader, i-Flash noma enye isofthiwe ikhishwa, ngokuvamile kuwumqondo omuhle ukuyifaka. Kodwa futhi udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ukuze umlayezo oyinkohliso mayelana nesibuyekezo ungaphumi esibukweni, okungenzeka, ngokuphambene nalokho, ube yingozi kakhulu, ngoba abantu bangalanda okuthile okulimazayo kukhompyutha yabo ngakho.
3) Naka okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili okuvamile futhi
Kubasebenzisi abaningi abajwayelekile, omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yengozi engaba khona i-imeyili. Isibonelo, bangase bathole umlayezo ofana nesaziso esivela ebhange, kodwa isixhumanisi esiqukethwe kulo singahle siqondiswe ekhasini elidalwe umhlaseli esikhundleni sewebhusayithi yebhange. Ngemva kokuchofoza isixhumanisi, umsebenzisi uzoyiswa kuwebhusayithi, lapho umhlaseli angakhipha idatha eyimfihlo kumsebenzisi noma aqalise uhlobo oluthile lokuhlasela ku-inthanethi.
Ngendlela efanayo, kungase kube nekhodi enonya kokunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili noma ikhodi elanda okuthile okulimazayo kukhompuyutha. Kulokhu, ngaphezu kwe-antivirus, ingqondo evamile izovikela umsebenzisi. Uma ifika kumuntu informace mayelana nokuwina imali eningi elotho angakaze alithengele ithikithi, futhi okumele akwenze nje ukugcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo olunamathiselwe, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okuzophuma kulo kanye "uhlu lwemibuzo" lapho umsebenzisi eluvula. . Ngisho nangaphambi kokuchofoza okunamathiselwe okubonakala kungenangozi njenge-pdf noma amafayela e-excel, ngakho-ke kuhle ukucabanga, ngoba ngosizo lwabo, abahlaseli bangenza nezinto ezingathandeki kakhulu ngekhompyutha.
Izinanyathiselwa ezisolisayo zingaphinda zihlolwe kuzikena ezitholakala esidlangalaleni ngaphambi kokuba uzivule futhi zidale umonakalo ongenakulungiseka. Omunye wabo, isibonelo www.virustotal.com. Lapho, nokho, kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuthi ifayela elinikeziwe nokuqukethwe kwalo kuzoqhubeka nokutholakala esidlangalaleni kusizindalwazi sale sevisi.
Kuyasiza futhi ukwazi ukuthi ukufunda i-imeyili ngokuvamile akubangeli lutho olulimazayo. Ukuchofoza isixhumanisi noma ukuvula okunamathiselwe kuyingozi.
4) Qaphela ngokuchofoza okuzenzakalelayo kuzixhumanisi futhi uqinisekise umsuka wama-imeyili
Kuyancomeka futhi ukuthi uyeke ukuchofoza ngokungacabangi izixhumanisi kuma-imeyili, ikakhulukazi uma umsebenzisi engenaso isiqiniseko esingu-100% sokuthi i-imeyili ngempela isuka kumthumeli athi unguye. Okungcono ukuthayipha ngesandla isixhumanisi esinikeziwe esipheqululini, isibonelo ikheli le-e-banking. Uma kungena okuthile okubukeka kungase kusolise, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqinisekisa ngomunye umzila wokuxhumana ukuthi umsebenzisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umngane noma ibhange, uyithumele ngempela. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ungachofozi noma yini. Abahlaseli bangakwazi futhi ukukhohlisa umthumeli we-imeyili.
5) Sebenzisa i-antivirus kanye ne-firewall, ngisho nezinguqulo zamahhala
Kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi isistimu yokusebenza ngokuvamile isivele ine-antivirus kanye ne-firewall kuyo. Abasebenzisi abaningi basebenzisa amasistimu wokusebenza avela kuMicrosoft. Ezinye izinguqulo ezintsha Windows sebevele banokuvikeleka okuhle kwe-antivirus eyakhelwe kubo. Nokho, akulimazi neze ukuthola ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe, isibonelo i-firewall engcono, i-antivirus, i-anti-ransomware, isofthiwe ye-IPS nokunye ukuphepha okungenzeka. Kuya ngokuthi umuntu une-tech savvy kanjani nokuthi wenzani ngamadivayisi akhe.
Kodwa-ke, uma sibuyela kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile, i-antivirus kanye ne-firewall kubalulekile. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lungabafaki, noma uma umsebenzisi engafuni ukuthembela kumathuluzi ahlanganisiwe, angathengwa ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili kwezohwebo kanye ne-freeware noma ngisho nasezinguqulweni zomthombo ovulekile.
6) Vikela amadivaysi akho eselula futhi
Uma uvikela idatha, kuhle ukucabanga nangamadivayisi eselula. Lezi futhi zixhumeke ku-inthanethi futhi sinolwazi oluningi olubalulekile noluyimfihlo ngazo. Kunenqwaba yezinsongo ezibhekiswe kubo. Ngokusho kwenkampani yakwaMcAfee, ebhekene, phakathi kokunye, udaba lwekhodi enonya, izinhlobo ezintsha ezicishe zibe yizigidi ezimbili zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha omakhalekhukhwini zitholwe engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka kuphela. Babhalisa isamba esingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-25.
Apple inesistimu yokusebenza ekhiyelwe phansi futhi yakhelwe ngokuqinile kangangokuthi ikhawulela izinketho ezinikezwa izinhlelo zokusebenza futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivikela idatha ngokwayo. Iphinde futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ikhombise ukuba sengozini okuthile, kodwa ngokuvamile iyahlinzeka Apple ukuphepha okuhle ngaphandle kokudinga i-antivirus eyengeziwe noma ezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha. Uma kunjalo iOS ngeke ibuyekezwe isikhathi eside, vele isengozini njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo.
U Androidkuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezingcingo bashintsha lolu hlelo lokusebenza olusetshenziswa kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuvuselela. Android inikeza abasebenzisi ngokuvamile imvume ethe xaxa kune iOS kanye namadivayisi eselula anesistimu yokusebenza Android nazo ziyizisulu zokuhlaselwa njalo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, kunengqondo Androidcabangela isivikeli magciwane noma esinye isivikelo esifanayo.
7) Yenza isipele
Okokugcina, kufanelekile ukwengeza ithiphu elilodwa elibalulekile. Kungase kubonakale kusobala, kodwa abasebenzisi abaningi bayakhohlwa ngakho futhi uma bekhumbula, kungase kuphuze kakhulu njengoba idivayisi yabo ingase igqekezwe futhi idatha ikhiywe, isuswe noma ibethelwe. Lelo thiphu limane lisekela ulwazi olubalulekile kuwe. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthi idatha yenziwe ikhophi yasenqolobaneni izikhathi eziningi nasezindaweni eziningi, kahle emafini kanye nangokwenyama.
